Final answer:
The superficial anatomical term for the upper arm is 'brachium' and it contains the humerus bone, which includes various structures important for attachment of muscles and articulation with adjacent bones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The superficial anatomical term for the upper arm is referred to as brachium. This area between the shoulder and elbow joints contains the humerus, which is the single bone in the upper arm. The humerus encompasses various parts such as the proximal head that articulates with the scapula, the greater and lesser tubercles, the intertubercular groove, and the anatomical and surgical necks. The deltoid tuberosity, located on the lateral side, serves as the attachment for the deltoid muscle, and the distal end of the humerus consists of various structures including the medial and lateral epicondyles, trochlea, and capitulum.