Final answer:
The correct answer is option b) False.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher, did believe that human life in a state of nature would be 'nasty, brutish, and short' and that humans naturally seek power over others. However, the statement 'Thomas Hobbes believed that all people were born evil' is false.
Hobbes' view was that in the absence of political order and law, everyone would have unlimited natural freedoms, including the 'right of all to all', leading to a state of perpetual war of 'every man against every man'. His social contract theory indicated that to avoid this chaos, individuals collectively agree to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of a Sovereign, a powerful state which would ensure peace and security for all.
The philosopher who argued that people are born free and that the government should exist only by their consent was John Locke. Locke’s philosophy contributed significantly to modern political discourse and the development of democracy, arguing for government as a protector of individual rights and property, with authority derived from the consent of the governed.