Final answer:
The stratum corneum features keratin-filled cells and glycolipids between cells, forming a protective, tough, and waterproof barrier that is shed and replaced periodically.
Step-by-step explanation:
The notable feature of the stratum corneum layer of the integument is that it consists of keratin-filled cells with glycolipid in between the cells, which is option 'C'. This outermost layer of the epidermis is characterized by a dry, dead layer of cells that are periodically shed and replaced by underlying cell layers. The stratum corneum plays a crucial role in protecting underlying tissues from microbial penetration, dehydration, and mechanical abrasion by forming a tough, waterproof barrier. The increased keratinization, or cornification, of cells in this layer makes it distinct from the other layers of the epidermis, which either contain rapidly dividing cells, like in the stratum basale, or offer different types of protection like mechanical grip enhancements seen with epidermal ridges that form fingerprints.