Final answer:
Periodization refers to the use of progressive cycling in resistance training, aimed at optimizing muscular strength and endurance. It involves variations in workout intensity and volume to achieve specific fitness goals, leading to muscular hypertrophy or atrophy depending on the level of activity and exercise stimuli.
Step-by-step explanation:
Periodization is b) The use of progressive cycling in resistance training. This method strategically structures training into phases or cycles. Each cycle targets specific fitness goals and typically involves variations in the intensity, volume, and type of training.
Exercise enhances both muscular strength and muscular endurance. Muscular strength is the capacity of muscles to exert force during a contraction, while muscular endurance is their ability to contract repeatedly over time without fatigue. Muscular work can be varied as isotonic with changing muscle lengths or isometric with changing muscle tension but constant muscle length.
Physical training, such as periodization, significantly alters skeletal muscle appearance and performance, leading to hypertrophy or growth due to the addition of structural proteins. On the other hand, atrophy can occur from disuse, while age-related muscle atrophy is known as sarcopenia. The muscular system adapts to exercise stimuli with changes at the cellular level, impacting muscle use and functionality.
The number of cross-bridges between actin and myosin within a muscle influences the tension produced. Muscle power is optimal when a sarcomere's thick and thin filaments overlap maximally. Additionally, a muscle's insertion and origin influence factors including action, force of contraction, and potential load capacity.
The correct answer is b) The use of progressive cycling in resistance training