Final answer:
Apneustic breathing is not explicitly described by the options provided but is typically characterized by extended inspiratory efforts. Forced breathing, also known as hyperpnea, involves active contraction of both primary and accessory breathing muscles, often seen during exercise or voluntary control of breathing like in singing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Apneustic breathing is not one of the options given in the student's question, as it is typically characterized by a pattern of prolonged inspiration followed by inadequate or absent expiratory effort. This condition is often seen in certain types of brain injury where the pons, an area of the brain that regulates respiratory function, is damaged.
In contrast, forced breathing, or hyperpnea, occurs during physical exertion or when actively controlling breathing. This type of breathing involves not only the primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm and intercostals but also accessory muscles. During forced inspiration, the scalenes and other neck muscles contract, increasing thoracic volume, while during forced expiration, the abdominal muscles and internal intercostals contract, helping to expel air more forcefully.
Another term mentioned, eupnea, refers to quiet breathing that occurs at rest without conscious control. This involves the regular contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals at a normal rhythmic pace to satisfy the body's oxygen demands under resting conditions.