Final answer:
Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaques within the arteries, composed of cholesterol, fats, and other substances, which leads to thickening and stiffening of the artery walls, reduced elasticity, and impaired blood flow; lifestyle factors and certain health conditions increase the risk of this disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the thickening and stiffening of artery walls due to the buildup of plaques inside the arteries. These plaques are composed of various substances, including cholesterol, white blood cells, and other fats. Over time, smooth muscle cells proliferate within the plaque, making it fibrous and fatty. Calcium crystals can also be deposited, making the plaques harden and as a result, the elasticity of the artery walls is reduced. Key factors contributing to plaque buildup include poor dietary habits, like a high-fat diet, smoking, and certain health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. Regular physical activity, good nutrition, and avoiding tobacco use are essential for reducing the risk of developing this condition. Atherosclerosis can have serious health consequences, including increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke due to impaired blood flow.