Final answer:
The decision to drop the atomic bomb resulted in the short-term surrender of Japan and the long-term effects of nuclear proliferation and disarmament.
Step-by-step explanation:
The decision to drop the atomic bomb had both short-term and long-term consequences. In the short-term, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to the surrender of Japan. The immediate effect was the end of World War II in the Pacific. In the long-term, the use of nuclear weapons had significant implications, including the start of the nuclear arms race and the spread of nuclear technology.