Final answer:
A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is the technology designed to protect computers during a power failure by providing emergency power, enabling users to save work and shut down safely.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technology used to protect computers against loss during a power failure is the UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply). A UPS is a device that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails. It allows the computer to keep running for a short while during a power outage, giving the user enough time to save their work and safely shutdown the system. In contrast, options such as a surge protector only protect against voltage spikes, a backup generator provides long-term power but typically has a delay in activation, and a voltage stabilizer regulates voltage levels to protect against brownouts and surges, but doesn't keep a computer running when the power completely goes out.