Final answer:
Portuguese mariners, supported by Henry the Navigator, established Brazil after Pedro Cabral claimed it for Portugal in 1500. Portugal was the initiator of the era of Atlantic exploration, but it was Spain that first colonized the Americas.
Step-by-step explanation:
Portuguese crews, under the guidance of Prince Henry the Navigator, were instrumental initiators of the Age of Exploration. Henry the Navigator is notable for his role in the early exploration efforts of Portugal, which ultimately led to the creation of Portuguese outposts and the discovery of new lands. Specifically, his support for seafaring expeditions resulted in Portuguese mariners founding Brazil when Pedro Cabral landed on its coast in 1500 and claimed it for Portugal.
Regarding the quiz questions provided, Portugal, under Prince Henry's sponsorship, was the country that initiated the era of Atlantic exploration. Additionally, it was Spain, under the rule of Ferdinand and Isabella and then due to Christopher Columbus's voyage, that established the first colonies in the Americas, while Portugal focused its efforts on Africa and later Brazil.