Final answer:
The correct answer is option a) Seamanship and navigation techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prince Henry the Navigator, a key figure in the Portuguese Exploration era, established a school for navigational studies at Sagres, Portugal in the 15th century. This institution focused on the disciplines necessary for successful sea voyages, which included the training of seamanship, navigation techniques, as well as the creation of maps by cartographers.
The school gathered expertise in various fields crucial for exploration, incorporating knowledge from shipbuilders and those who crafted instruments. This enabled the Portuguese mariners to navigate effectively and contributed to Portugal's ability to establish trade routes and extend their influence globally.