Question

What is the difference between internal validity and external validity? Which one is paired with random sampling and which is paired with random assignment?

a) Internal validity is about the representativeness of the sample, and it is paired with random sampling. External validity is about the causal relationship, and it is paired with random assignment.
b) Internal validity is about the causal relationship, and it is paired with random assignment. External validity is about the generalizability of the findings, and it is paired with random sampling.
c) Internal validity is about the representativeness of the sample, and it is paired with random assignment. External validity is about the generalizability of the findings, and it is paired with random sampling.
d) Internal validity is about the generalizability of the findings, and it is paired with random sampling. External validity is about the causal relationship, and it is paired with random assignment.

Answer 1

Internal validity is about the control of extraneous variables in a study and is paired with random assignment. External validity is about generalizing findings and is paired with random sampling.

Step-by-step explanation:

Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study provides evidence of causality between variables. It focuses on the control of extraneous variables that could influence the relationship being studied. On the other hand, external validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to a broader population or real-world situations.

In terms of pairing, random sampling is associated with external validity. Random sampling involves selecting a representative sample from a larger population, which allows for generalization of findings. Random assignment, on the other hand, is associated with internal validity. Random assignment involves assigning participants to different groups in an experiment, ensuring that potential confounding variables are evenly distributed between groups.