Question

A budgerigar is showing signs of squamous metaplasia of the oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and upper airways. It has developed associated bacterial sinusitis (see image). In a pet bird, what are these clinical signs most suggestive of?

Hypovitaminosis A
Hypocalcemia
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypovitaminosis D
Iodine deficiency

Answer 1

A budgerigar showing signs of squamous metaplasia of the oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and upper airways, along with associated bacterial sinusitis, is most suggestive of Hypovitaminosis A. conjunctiva, and respiratory tract. A lack of vitamin A can lead to squamous metaplasia and an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

Step-by-step explanation:

A budgerigar showing signs of squamous metaplasia of the oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and upper airways, along with associated bacterial sinusitis, is most suggestive of: Hypovitaminosis A. Hypovitaminosis A is a deficiency of vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining the health of epithelial tissues such as the oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and respiratory tract. A lack of vitamin A can lead to squamous metaplasia and an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

squamous metaplasia of the oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and upper airways, along with associated bacterial sinusitis, is most suggestive of: Hypovitaminosis A. Hypovitaminosis A is a deficiency of vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining the health of epithelial tissues such as the oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and respiratory tract. A lack of vitamin A can lead to squamous metaplasia and an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.