Final answer:
Huey P. Newton is the founder of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, which was established in reaction to mainstream civil rights movements and aimed to address racial injustices and police brutality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense due to frustration with the mainstream civil rights movement was (c) Huey P. Newton. Newton, along with Bobby Seale, established this radical organization in 1966 in Oakland, California. The Black Panthers sought to protect African American communities from police brutality and racism, to educate members on constitutional rights, notably the right to bear arms, and promoted a revolutionary politics that included demands like jobs, housing, and exemption from military service presented in their Ten Point Program.
The Black Panthers were heavily influenced by Black radicals like Malcolm X and differed significantly in approach from Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolent civil rights strategy. While the Black Panther Party called for armed self-defense, they also provided community services such as free breakfast and health clinics to African Americans, as part of their social programs.