Final answer:
Cities in Northwestern Europe have implemented various measures such as acid-resistant coatings, a ban on high-emission vehicles, and burning natural gas to combat climate change, as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce environmental impact and promote sustainability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main answer to the question regarding what measures have been taken in cities in Northwestern Europe to protect the environment and combat climate change is d) All of the above. These measures include utilizing acid-resistant coatings for buildings and other structures to mitigate the effects of acid rain, implementing a ban on high emission producing vehicles to reduce urban air pollution, and transitioning to burning natural gas in power plants due to its higher efficiency and lower carbon emissions compared to other fossil fuels.The explanation requires understanding the context of climate action in Northwestern Europe. Cities have adopted multiple strategies to both limit their environmental impact and adapt to the changes already in motion. Efforts such as minimal use of fossil fuels, extensive forestation and reforestation, and a transition towards a significant share of energy coming from clean sources, contribute to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions that drive climate change.In conclusion, Northwestern European cities are engaging in a broad array of environmental measures, including technological innovations and policy interventions, to address the pressing issue of climate change. These steps are part of a wider commitment to sustainability and ecological preservation vital for future generations.