Final answer:
HPS and HFRS are diseases caused by hantavirus. HPS presents with flu-like symptoms and can rapidly progress to severe respiratory and circulatory issues. HFRS begins with febrile symptoms and can lead to hemorrhaging and kidney failure. Diagnostic tests include ELISA, Western blot, and RT-PCR to detect viral proteins or host antibodies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
The student is asking about the diagnostic criteria for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). These are diseases caused by hantavirus, which can lead to severe and life-threatening complications. For HPS, initial symptoms include a non-specific flu-like illness with headache, fever, myalgia, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It can rapidly progress to pulmonary edema, hypotension, resulting in pneumonia, shock, and potentially death with a mortality rate of up to 50%. In the case of HFRS, the symptoms start with high fever, headache, chills, and can progress to include hemorrhaging, hypotension, kidney failure, shock, and potentially death, with a mortality rate as high as 15%. Diagnostic testing includes serological methods like ELISA, Western blot, rapid immunoblot strip assay (RIBA), and RT-PCR to detect host antibodies or viral proteins. Immunohistological staining can be used to detect viral antigens. There is no specific treatment for HPS beyond supportive care and for HFRS ribavirin may be used.