Final answer:
Periodontal disease starts with gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Periodontal disease starts with gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums that can lead to irritation and bleeding. When plaque accumulates on the teeth, bacteria colonize the gingival space, causing inflammation and gum damage. If untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, where the gums recede and expose parts of the tooth below the crown. This can lead to bacterial growth and cavities, erosion of cementum, and even bone erosion. Periodontitis can be treated with proper dental hygiene and cleaning, but severe cases may require antibiotics.