Final answer:
The correct answer is option B) It established clear colonial boundaries and claims in Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, hosted by Otto von Bismarck, was convened by European colonial powers to establish a formal partition of Africa. This included laying down ground rules for the annexation of African territory and preventing conflict among European nations over African lands. The outcome of the Berlin Conference significantly shaped the political and territorial landscape of the African continent.
Concerning the student's question, the correct answer is that the Berlin Conference (B) established clear colonial boundaries and claims in Africa. The conference did not result in the withdrawal of European powers, lead to the decolonization of Africa, or have no impact on the African continent as suggested by the other options. Instead, it created artificial borders that often cut through ethnic and cultural lines, which later led to civil unrest and conflicts post-independence.
The national borders in many African countries today still reflect the colonial boundaries devised during this conference, which disregarded indigenous territories and peoples' interests. The decisions made at the Berlin Conference left a legacy of political fragmentation and economic difficulty that continues to have lasting effects on the African continent.