Final answer:
The Umayyads introduced a Caliphate form of government to their empire, which was ruled by a caliph with political and religious authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Umayyads introduced the form of government known as a Caliphate to their empire. This form of government was ruled by a caliph, who held both political and religious authority. The Umayyads established a hereditary line of caliphs, meaning that the position was passed down from father to son.