Final answer:
Only U.S. citizens have the right to vote in federal elections and run for public office among the options given. Free speech is a right assured to both citizens and non-citizens. U.S. citizenship provides exclusive opportunities as well as responsibilities in a democratic society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves the unique benefits and responsibilities that come with U.S. citizenship. While both citizens and non-citizens have certain rights, some rights, such as the right to vote in federal elections and the right to hold public office, are exclusively reserved for citizens. Moreover, responsibilities like voting and participating in public life are fundamental for a representative democracy, ensuring government actions reflect the majority's interests.
It is crucial to note that the Fourteenth Amendment grants due process and equal protection rights to all persons within the United States, not just citizens. This extends legal rights and protections to permanent residents, who can live and work in the U.S., join the armed forces, and benefit from various Social Security privileges. However, activities such as voting and holding public office underscore the distinction between citizens and permanent residents. In the context of the rights listed, only U.S. citizens have the right to vote in federal elections (B) and the right to run for public office (C). The right to free speech is guaranteed to all individuals within the jurisdiction of the United States under the Constitution.