Final answer:
Muslim scholars were influenced primarily by Greek and Indian civilizations, with additional knowledge from the Persians, leading to significant scientific and philosophical advancements in the Muslim world.
Step-by-step explanation:
Muslim scholars were significantly influenced by various civilizations, particularly during the period of the Abbasids, who prioritized the preservation and translation of classical knowledge. Two of the main civilizations that had a profound impact on Muslim scholarship were Greek and Indian.
Muslim scholars like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and al-Farabi engaged with the philosophy of ancient Greeks, translating and building upon their systems of logic, medicine, and natural philosophy. At the same time, the Abbasid rulers incorporated Persian knowledge, as parts of the Islamic world were under Persian influence before the Islamic conquests.
This rich tapestry of influences spurred a period of scientific and philosophical innovation in the Muslim world, which would later be instrumental in the intellectual developments of the European Renaissance.