Final answer:
A substitution mutation is a chromosomal mutation in which one nitrogen base replaces another in the gene code. It is a type of point mutation that affects a single base pair.
Step-by-step explanation:
A substitution mutation is a chromosomal mutation in which one nitrogen base replaces another in the gene code. This type of mutation occurs when one base is substituted or replaced by another base in the DNA. It is a type of point mutation that affects a single base pair. The most common nucleotide mutations are substitutions, which can be either transitions or transversions. Transitions refer to a base being replaced by another base of the same kind, while transversions refer to a base being replaced by a base of a different kind.