Final answer:
NSAIDs increase bleeding potential by inhibiting the COX enzyme, which is essential in the synthesis of thromboxane A2, an agent that enables platelets to clump and form clots. This inhibition leads to increased bleeding time and risk, especially in susceptible populations and settings such as before surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Do NSAIDs Increase Bleeding Potential?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase bleeding potential due to their mechanism of action on prostaglandin synthesis. NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen, inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme which is necessary for the synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2). TXA2 is a substance that causes platelets to clump together and form blood clots. By inhibiting COX and thus reducing TXA2, NSAIDs decrease the ability of platelets to aggregate, leading to an increased bleeding time.
This factor, combined with NSAIDs' ability to cause gastrointestinal erosions or ulcers, poses a risk for stomach bleeding, especially in specific populations. These include individuals over 60 years of age, those on prescription blood thinners or steroids, and people with a history of stomach ulcers or other bleeding disorders. Therefore, caution is advised when using NSAIDs, particularly prior to surgery or in individuals with an increased risk of bleeding.