Final answer:
The correct answer is option D) George W. Murray.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question of who was the black chief fertilizer inspector and director of state asylum for the blind is D) George W. Murray. While the question references important African American leaders and their educational philosophies, George W. Murray fits the description of the roles mentioned. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois, although significant figures in African American history, served different purposes and had different ideologies regarding the upliftment of Black Americans.
Booker T. Washington advocated for practical education and economic self-reliance through the Tuskegee Institute, focusing on vocational training for African Americans. His Atlanta Compromise speech underscored these beliefs, arguing that hard work and economic gain would lead to civil rights in the long-term. Washington's approach often led to the criticism that he was overly accommodating to segregation.
On the other hand, W.E.B. Du Bois held a PhD from Harvard and argued for the pursuit of a liberal arts education for African Americans, emphasizing the importance of pushing back against segregation and advocating for civil rights immediately. His philosophy was crystallized in his founding of the NAACP and opposition to Washington's accommodationist stance.
Therefore, neither Booker T. Washington nor W.E.B. Du Bois was the black chief fertilizer inspector and director of state asylum for the blind, as stated in the options provided. George W. Murray, who is not detailed in this context, holds that distinction.