Final answer:
The process of using results to design a machine that could fly is an example of inductive reasoning, where specific observations lead to a general conclusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about the process by which tables of results were used to design a flying machine. This process involves a type of logical reasoning that starts with specific observations and leads to a general conclusion. The correct answer is b. inductive reasoning. In science, inductive reasoning is utilized to derive general scientific principles from particular experimental results. On the other hand, deductive reasoning starts with a general principle and is used to predict particular outcomes. The scientific method is a comprehensive approach that involves both inductive and deductive reasoning. It begins with observation and progresses through hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and the drawing of conclusions, often leading to further observation and reasoning.