Final answer:
Sterilization and disinfection methods such as chemical germicides, boiling water, and steam are used to destroy all forms of microbial life and are commonly implemented in medical and laboratory settings. Phenol is the standard to which the effectiveness of disinfectants is historically compared, and antiseptics are used on living tissues. Filtration is a method that physically removes microbes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemical germicides, boiling water, and flowing steam are methods used in sterilization and disinfection, hence the correct answer is C) Sterilization and disinfection. These measures are employed to destroy or remove all vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses from an item or environment. They are commonly applied in settings such as laboratory, medical, and food industry to ensure safety and prevent contamination.
For microbial control on living tissues to prevent infection, antiseptics are suitable because they are designed to be non-toxic and safe to use on living tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is B. antiseptic.
The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants has historically been compared to phenol, which was the chemical first used by Joseph Lister for aseptic surgery. Hence, the answer to that question is A. phenol.
Filtration does not kill microbes or inhibit their growth but instead physically removes them from samples, making the correct answer A. filtration.
In conclusion, understanding the methods and applications of microbial control is crucial, particularly in healthcare settings, where infection control and sterilization protocols are of paramount importance for public health.