Final answer:
The substance that causes non-reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an organophosphate, which binds irreversibly to the esteratic site and requires new enzyme synthesis for recovery. None of the given options (Edrophonium, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Succinylcholine) are organophosphates and thus do not fit the description for non-reversible inhibition, as they are all reversible AChE inhibitors or do not inhibit AChE at all.
Step-by-step explanation:
The substance that produces non-reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by forming a stable complex with the esteratic site is an organophosphate. This type of inhibition of AChE prevents the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, leading to prolonged neurotransmission at the synapses, resulting in overstimulation of muscles and glands. New AChE must be synthesized to return to normal function, explaining the extended duration of action (DoA).
Some drugs used to treat diseases like Alzheimer's and myasthenia gravis (such as physostigmine, neostigmine, and pyridostigmine) and common insecticides like malathion target AChE in various ways, but the options given, only organophosphates, not mentioned in the list, are known for non-reversible inhibition.
Succinylcholine is not an AChE inhibitor; it is a neuromuscular blocker and has a completely different mechanism of action than AChE inhibitors. Hence, none of the options provided (a) Edrophonium, (b) Neostigmine, (c) Pyridostigmine, or (d) Succinylcholine are correct for non-reversible inhibition as described in the question. These drugs provide reversible inhibition of AChE and are used to boost the levels of acetylcholine in conditions like myasthenia gravis.