Final answer:
The most common Mapleson circuits are Mapleson A, B, and E. Mapleson A is used for spontaneous breathing patients, Mapleson B is used for controlled ventilation, and Mapleson E is used in small animal anesthesia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common Mapleson circuits, also known as the "t-piece" group, include Mapleson A, B, and E.
Mapleson A circuit is a non-rebreathing system typically used for spontaneous breathing patients. It consists of a face mask, breathing bag, adjustable pressure-limiting valve, expiratory valve, and fresh gas inlet.
Mapleson B circuit is an absorber system commonly used for controlled ventilation. It uses an intermediate fresh gas flow and has a higher resistance to spontaneous breathing compared to Mapleson A.
Mapleson E circuit, also known as the Bain circuit, is a coaxial modification of Mapleson D circuit. It is commonly used in small animal anesthesia. It consists of a corrugated delivery tubing, adjustable pressure limiting valve, fresh gas inlet, and patient connection.