Final answer:
Option (D), A patient with acute renal failure generally has an increased need for energy compared to someone with healthy kidney function. They will also require controlled protein, potassium, and fluid intake.
Step-by-step explanation:
A patient with acute renal failure will have a higher need of energy compared with a similar patient with optimal renal function. In individuals with renal failure, dialysis or a kidney transplant becomes necessary for survival. The demand for dialysis machines, therefore, can influence their price, but the question at hand is focused on the dietary needs of a patient with renal failure, not the economics of dialysis equipment. Patients with renal failure often require a controlled intake of protein, potassium, and fluids to avoid exacerbating their condition.
The increased energy requirements come from the body's need to deal with the stresses of reduced kidney function. Protein restriction may be necessary to control uremic symptoms and reduce nitrogenous waste. Potassium is limited due to the kidney's inability to excrete it effectively, potentially leading to life-threatening hyperkalemia. The modulation of fluid intake is crucial to prevent fluid overload and complications due to the kidneys' impaired ability to manage fluid balance.