Final answer:
Jennifer is facing an avoidance-avoidance conflict as she must decide between two unappealing options. Becky and Sarah are likely to choose the worst outcome in their room-cleaning dilemma due to a prisoner's dilemma situation. Mary's situation is an example of role conflict as she juggles work and family responsibilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jennifer’s dilemma between spending the evening at home with her parents or babysitting her sister is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict. This type of conflict occurs when a person must choose between two unattractive options, which can lead to stress and difficulty in making a decision. In the scenarios provided involving Becky and Sarah, and the choices Mary faces, we see social challenges impacted by social constructs and the burden of multiple social roles.
In the case of Becky and Sarah, the optimal outcome for them would be to both contribute to the cleaning, spending two hours each for a clean room. The worst outcome occurs if both decide not to clean, resulting in a dirty room for both. The tendency of both sisters to choose the worst outcome can be explained by the principle of the prisoner's dilemma, where individuals, acting in their own self-interest, fail to cooperate, even when it would be in their best interest to do so.
With Mary, the multiple responsibilities create a situation of role conflict, where the time devoted to work makes it difficult to fulfill family roles, potentially leading to strain and the need to prioritize one responsibility over another. This scenario exemplifies the complexity of modern family life and the struggles in balancing personal, work, and family commitments.