Final answer:
Deep, elaborative coding, relies on making meaningful connections and associations with study material to improve memory retention by linking new information to existing knowledge and personal experiences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deep, elaborative coding is used in studying for improved memory through option D: By making meaningful connections and associations with the material. It involves thinking deeply about the material and linking it to existing knowledge or personal experiences to make it more memorable.
Using elaborative rehearsal, a form of deep processing, helps transfer information from short-term to long-term memory. This technique contrasts with surface-level strategies like highlighting or underlining, which focus only on the material's appearance without necessarily engaging with its meaning.
Moreover, memory-enhancing strategies like the self-reference effect also play a role in using deep, elaborative coding. This effect involves making the material personally meaningful, thereby creating a 'web of retrieval cues' for easier access later. Additionally, addressing the importance of distributed practice and regular review sessions reinforces the connections between new and old information, further solidifying the material in long-term memory.