Final answer:
Highlighting/underlining and going over materials are considered ineffective and dangerous for memory because they create confusion and cognitive overload. Students should use mnemonic devices, elaborative rehearsal, and distributed practice to enhance memory retention and critical thinking skills.
Step-by-step explanation:
Highlighting/underlining and going over materials are considered ineffective and dangerous for memory because they create confusion and cognitive overload. When students highlight or underline text, they may focus too much on the act of highlighting rather than actively engaging with the material and understanding its meaning. Similarly, going over materials without actively processing and reviewing the information can lead to shallow learning and reduced retention. Instead, students should use mnemonic devices, elaborative rehearsal, and distributed practice to enhance memory retention and critical thinking skills.