Final answer:
The correct answer is option C) Virginia and North Carolina; Northeast.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pockets of Union support existed particularly in the mountainous regions of the Upper South. For instance, western parts of Virginia and eastern parts of Tennessee were notable for their pro-Union sentiment. The people in these areas often opposed secession due to the smaller populations of slaveholders and different economic interests compared to the Deep South.
In Western Virginia, such sentiment led to the formation of a new state—West Virginia—which joined the Union in January 1863 as a free state after approving an "ordinance of dismemberment." However, while the effort for separate statehood in Eastern Tennessee failed, significant anti-secession sentiment was evident when 70 percent of the residents in eastern counties voted against secession.
Despite state government efforts to control the region by declaring martial law, many residents still fled to fight for the Union Army.