Final answer:
Option B. The injury with a fracture of the middle to distal radial shaft coupled with a dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is known as the Galeazzi fracture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The injury that often involves a fracture of the middle to distal radial shaft and subluxation or dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is the Galeazzi fracture. The Colles' fracture, while common from a fall onto an outstretched hand, typically involves a transverse fracture across the distal radius without necessarily subluxing the DRUJ. In contrast, the Galeazzi fracture is characterized by fracture of the radial shaft coupled with a dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.
A Monteggia fracture involves the proximal third of the ulnar shaft and is associated with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow, which is different from a Galeazzi injury. The Hutchinson fracture, also known as a Chauffeur's fracture, is a break of the radius at the joint where it meets the wrist on the thumb side, which is distinct from the damage patterns seen in Galeazzi fractures.