Final answer:
The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement in Europe during the 18th century that emphasized reason and advocated for ideals such as liberty and tolerance. It challenged traditional beliefs and institutions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Enlightenment, was a philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. It emphasized reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, advocating ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, and constitutional government. The Enlightenment marked a shift towards rational thought and the questioning of traditional beliefs and institutions.