Final answer:
The correct answer is option a) Newfoundland, Canada.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Cabot, an Italian explorer sailing under the English flag during the reign of Henry VII, undertook a significant voyage in 1497. His journey led to the discovery and subsequent claim of land in what he called Newfoundland, located in present-day Canada. This voyage on the ship Matthew resulted in England's initial territorial claim in the North American mainland, laying the groundwork for future English colonization.
Therefore, the answer to the student's query about where John Cabot claimed land on his voyage on the Matthew is a) Newfoundland, Canada.