Final answer:
Anticonvulsants are the pharmacological agents used to prevent or control seizures. These drugs improve long-term prognosis and reduce the risk of brain damage by affecting the central nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pharmacological agent used to prevent or control seizures is called anticonvulsants. These drugs, such as diazepam, are administered to manage seizures, improve long-term prognosis, and reduce the risk of brain damage. They work by blocking receptors or interfering with neurotransmitter reuptake, thus affecting the central nervous system.