Final answer:
Henry VIII rejected the Catholic Church's authority because the Pope wouldn't annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, spurring him to establish the Church of England.
Step-by-step explanation:
Henry VIII rejected the authority of the Catholic Church because he was angry that the pope would not annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. This was primarily due to his desire to have a male heir, and with Catherine unable to provide one, he sought to remarry. When the Pope refused the annulment, Henry took drastic measures to ensure his succession goals, ultimately leading to the creation of the Church of England with himself as its head, which allowed him to annul his own marriage.