Final answer:
Hypovolemia, which is low blood volume, leads to a decrease in preload. The clinical manifestations include symptoms such as thirst, rapid heart rate, and cool, clammy skin. Intravenous fluid replacement is usually used to treat hypovolemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hypovolemia, which refers to low blood volume, has an effect on preload, which is the amount of blood that fills the heart before it contracts. In hypovolemia, there is a decrease in preload because there is less blood available to fill the heart. This can lead to a decrease in cardiac output and blood pressure.
Clinical manifestations of hypovolemia can include thirst, dry mouth, rapid heart rate, weak pulse, cool and clammy skin, rapid shallow breathing, and hypothermia. These symptoms occur as the body tries to compensate for the decreased blood volume. Intravenous fluid replacement is typically used to treat hypovolemia.