Final answer:
Geographic districts for the federal judiciary are established by Congress, as granted by Article III of the Constitution. The President nominates federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, who must be confirmed by the Senate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The federal judiciary districts are established by Congress. Specifically, Article III of the Constitution grants Congress the discretion to determine the shape and structure of the federal judiciary. This means that the geographic districts for the federal judiciary, which include the district courts, the circuit courts, or U.S. courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court, are all determined by Congress, not the President, the Chief Justice, or individual states. The federal judges, including those on the Supreme Court, are nominated by the President and must be confirmed by the Senate. This framework for the federal judicial system was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and has remained fundamentally the same with legislative adjustments over time.