Final answer:
Pathophysiologic conditions that increase MAC include systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, myopathy, acute febrile diseases, and metabolic acidosis affecting enzyme activity and promoting hyperkalemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) is the concentration of anesthetic vapor in the lungs needed to prevent movement in 50% of subjects in response to pain. Pathophysiologic conditions that can increase MAC involve situations where an increased amount of anesthetic is required to achieve the desired level of anesthesia. Examples include systemic disorders like diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, which are known to alter enzyme activity and excitability of cardiac and neuronal membranes.
Additionally, conditions such as myocardial infarction, myopathy, and acute febrile diseases can also lead to increased MAC values. Other considerations such as metabolic acidosis resulting from accumulations of sulfates, phosphates, and uric acid can raise MAC by affecting enzyme activity and promoting hyperkalemia.