Final answer:
Etomidate inhibits adrenocortical synthetic function by inhibiting the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase, which is involved in the synthesis of cortisol.
Step-by-step explanation:
Etomidate inhibits adrenocortical synthetic function through a mechanism called inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase, which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of cortisol. Etomidate specifically binds to and inhibits this enzyme, preventing the conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol. This leads to a decrease in cortisol production by the adrenal glands.
For example, when etomidate is administered intravenously, it enters the adrenal gland and binds to the active site of 11β-hydroxylase, blocking its activity. As a result, the synthesis of cortisol is impaired, leading to a decrease in adrenocortical synthetic function.