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Indications for nephrology referral in patients with CKD include which of the following?

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Final answer:

Important indications for nephrology referral in patients with CKD include blood or protein in the urine, very high blood pressure, kidney stones, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, pyelonephritis, and acute-on-chronic renal failure.

Step-by-step explanation:

Indications for nephrology referral in patients with CKD include:



  1. Blood or protein in the urine
  2. Very high blood pressure
  3. Kidney stones
  4. Renal failure
  5. Nephrotic syndrome
  6. Pyelonephritis
  7. Acute-on-chronic renal failure



These symptoms or conditions warrant a referral to a nephrologist who specializes in kidney diseases and conditions.

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