Final answer:
NSAID-induced ulcers are caused by chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which interfere with prostaglandin synthesis and can lead to gastrointestinal issues such as peptic ulcers. These ulcers are not primarily due to diet, and NSAIDs can also cause stomach bleeding and kidney damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
In considering NSAID-induced ulcers, it is true that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) negatively affect prostaglandin synthesis, leading to gastrointestinal issues. When tissues are injured, arachidonic acid is normally converted into prostaglandins, which cause inflammation and pain. NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen inhibit this conversion by interfering with the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, which is necessary for prostaglandin production. While these drugs can aid in reducing inflammation and pain, their chronic use can lead to the development of peptic ulcers. Indeed, contrary to popular belief, peptic ulcers are not mainly due to diet, and factors such as smoking and stress have not been conclusively shown to cause ulcers independent of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Moreover, the use of NSAIDs can result in other complications besides ulcers. For example, they may cause stomach bleeding, especially in individuals over 60 or those with a history of ulceration, who are taking blood thinners or steroids, or have pre-existing bleeding problems. Additionally, there is an increased risk of kidney damage associated with NSAID use, particularly in people with existing kidney disease, heart disease, or hypertension. To manage NSAID-induced ulcers, switching to alternative pain relievers and employing antacids can be effective. When the cause is H. pylori infection, antibiotics are prescribed for treatment.