Final answer:
The most appropriate treatment for mild to moderate COPD exacerbation involves bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and targeted antibiotics (if necessary).
Step-by-step explanation:
The most appropriate treatment for a mild to moderate COPD exacerbation would typically involve bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids. Bronchodilators, such as short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) like albuterol and short-acting anticholinergics (SAACs) like ipratropium bromide, help to relax and open the airways, making it easier for the individual to breathe. Systemic corticosteroids, like prednisone, help to reduce airway inflammation and swelling, improving symptoms.
In some cases, antibiotics may also be prescribed if there is evidence of a bacterial infection, as in the case of John who had a gram-negative rod identified on sputum culture. In this situation, the antibiotic clarithromycin was prescribed to target the specific bacteria.
Overall, the combination of bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and targeted antibiotics (if necessary) is the most appropriate treatment approach for a mild to moderate COPD exacerbation.