Final answer:
Fingerprints, weapons, tool marks, and blood stains are identified as physical evidence in forensic science. Forensic scientists employ techniques like DNA fingerprinting to analyze biological samples, which is critical for investigations and legal proceedings. Option c. is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fingerprints, weapons, tool marks, blood stains are examples of physical evidence used in legal contexts, particularly in forensic science. Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze physical evidence during the course of an investigation. These items can provide a wealth of information and often play a crucial role in solving crimes. Different techniques, such as DNA fingerprinting, are employed to analyze biological samples like blood, semen, and saliva, which can be compared against databases to identify individuals or establish familial relationships. The analysis involves DNA isolation, sequencing, and sequence analysis, which are integral to the field of forensic science.
For instance, DNA fingerprinting is a method that utilizes PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and agarose gel electrophoresis to create a unique DNA profile for an individual. This technique can be instrumental in paternity tests and criminal investigations, providing valuable evidence for courts to consider.
Forensic scientists, often employed by government crime labs and various research organizations, are expected to have at least a bachelor's degree in fields such as chemistry, biology, or physics. Their findings are crucial in court hearings, and their expertise may help to determine the outcome of a case.