Final answer:
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as Hyaline membrane disease, is a respiratory disorder in neonates due to insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant, leading to difficulty in breathing and inadequate gas exchange.
Step-by-step explanation:
The respiratory disorder in the neonate that the question refers to is A) Hyaline membrane disease, also known as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). This is a condition primarily seen in infants born prematurely, with a significant incidence in those born between 26 and 31 weeks. The pathology behind RDS is the insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant, which is essential for the lungs to properly inflate after birth. Without enough surfactant, the alveoli fail to stay open, leading to dyspnea and inadequate gas exchange. This results in lowered blood oxygen levels, increased carbon dioxide levels, and a higher blood pH.
It's important to recognize the differences between RDS and other conditions listed such as Melena, Pyloric stenosis, Hemolytic Anemia, and Hydrocephalus, which are not respiratory disorders but pertain to different systems or have different pathophysiology.