Final answer:
An incision made in the perineum during childbirth is known as an episiotomy, which is less common now as natural tearing is often preferred for its quicker healing and less muscle damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The incision of the perineum during childbirth is called an episiotomy. This surgical procedure involves making an incision in the posterior vaginal wall and perineum to facilitate vaginal birth. In the past, an episiotomy was a routine part of the childbirth process, but more recent practice tends to allow the perineum to tear naturally, as this often results in quicker healing, less pain, and less damage to the surrounding muscles. After the delivery, whether it's a natural tear or an episiotomy, suturing is performed to ensure optimal healing. The second stage of childbirth, also known as the expulsion stage, is when the mother pushes down with contractions leading to the birth of the newborn. A Caesarian section can sometimes be an alternative method for delivering a baby, involving major abdominal surgery.