Final answer:
Cardiac arrest in children is typically a consequence of compromised respiratory function (option B) leading to hypoxia, while hypovolemic shock can also result due to severe fluid loss. CPR is a vital response technique in these emergencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Often, cardiac arrest in children is the result of Compromised respiratory function. Unlike adults, where cardiac arrest may often emerge from heart attack-related issues, in children, it typically stems from issues with the respiratory system, leading to hypoxia and cardiac arrest. Factors such as severe asthma, foreign body obstruction, or infections like bronchiolitis or pneumonia are common culprits in pediatric cases.
In young children, particularly, hypovolemic shock can be a consequence of severe fluid loss, for instance, from conditions causing excessive vomiting or diarrhea. It causes the heart to struggle with pumping an adequate volume of blood, which can lead to cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical emergency technique used in the event of cardiac arrest to manually compress the heart and restore blood flow, especially to vital organs like the brain.