Final answer:
Patients in shock typically exhibit an increased heart rate, increased respirations, and hypotension. Treatment involves intravenous fluids and medications to raise blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The signs and symptoms indicating that a patient is in shock include an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) and respirations, as well as hypotension (low blood pressure).
Other symptoms can be the presence of cool, clammy skin, especially in the extremities, due to restricted blood flow, rapid and shallow breathing, confusion, a reduction in urine output to less than 1 mL/kg body weight/hour, and potential loss of consciousness.
Treatments for shock may include provision of intravenous fluids to help restore blood volume, and administration of drugs such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine to increase blood pressure.
It is crucial to address shock promptly to prevent the positive feedback loop that can lead to deterioration and death of the patient.