Final answer:
The EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient after blunt head trauma is to open the airway, as a clear airway is essential for proper ventilation and oxygen delivery to the brain and vital organs.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) encounters an unresponsive patient following blunt trauma to the head, their first priority must always be ensuring the patient has a patent airway. Specifically, the correct answer to the question is b. Open the airway. Maintaining the airway is critical because it allows for proper ventilation, which is paramount for oxygenation and sustaining life. If the airway is compromised, it could lead to a decrease in oxygen delivery to the brain and other vital organs, resulting in further harm or death. If necessary, after ensuring the airway is open and clear, the EMT may proceed to assess respiratory rate, perform a SAMPLE history, and determine if CPR is indicated. The rapid assessment of neurological function, especially after head trauma, is important because irreversible damage and death of neurons can occur within minutes of loss of blood flow. Opening the airway can sometimes be accomplished through maneuvers such as the head-tilt, chin-lift or the jaw-thrust technique, especially if a cervical spine injury is suspected.